“扫描的最佳做法”的版本间的差异

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== Introduction ==
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==简介==
  
Photoneo 3D scanners work on the principle of '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_light structured light projection]''', which is an optical method of shape acquisition. For broader context, see following image:
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Photoneo 3D扫描仪的工作原理是'''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_light结构光投影]''',这是一种形状获取的光学方法。有关更广泛的上下文,请参阅以下图像
 
[[File:Shape-acquisition-categorisation.png]]
 
[[File:Shape-acquisition-categorisation.png]]
  
The output from the scanner is a 3D point cloud of the object's surface as viewed from one viewpoint. The scene has to be static (not moving) during the projection phase.
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从一个角度来看,扫描仪的输出是物体表面的3D点云。在投影阶段,场景必须是静态的(不移动)。
  
Standard output format for point clouds is [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLY_(file_format) Stanford PLY], which can be easily imported into most 3D viewers or used by programmers.
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点云的标准输出格式为 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLY_(file_format) Stanford PLY],可以轻松导入大多数3D查看器或由程序员使用。
  
== PhoXi Control Application ==
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== PhoXi控制应用程序 ==
  
Photoneo 3D scanners are controlled via standalone application available for Windows and Ubuntu. It enables user to control 3D scanner manually through GUI or programmatically via provided API.
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Photoneo 3D扫描仪通过Windows和Ubuntu独立应用程序进行控制。它使用户能够通过GUI手动控制3D扫描仪,或者通过提供的API以编程方式控
  
Visit '''[http://www.photoneo.com/product-detail/phoxi-control-application/ PhoXi Control Application]''' site for download and quick start guide.
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访问网站下载和快速入门指南 '''[http://www.photoneo.com/product-detail/phoxi-control-application/ PhoXi控制应用程序]''' 网站。
  
== Scanning basics ==
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==扫描基础==
  
The quality of the scan depends on multiple factors. The scanner provides a variety of settings to enable an optimal scan; however, even by rearranging the positions of the scene and scanner you can get better results. Always arrange the scene to have the best conditions for scan first and only then manipulate the settings of the scanner.
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扫描的质量取决于多种因素。扫描仪提供各种设置以启用最佳扫描;但是,即使重新排列场景和扫描仪的位置,您也可以获得更好的结果。请始终安排场景,以便首先拥有扫描的最佳条件,然后才能操作扫描仪的设置。
  
=== Choose the right scanner size ===
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===选择正确的扫描仪尺寸===
  
Answer the questions
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回答问题
* What is the required level of detail?
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*所需的详细程度是什么?
* How big is the scanning area?
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*扫描区域有多大?
  
==== Level of detail ====
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====详细程度====
  
Every PhoXi 3D scanner has the resolution of 3.2 million points. Imagine this as 3 million points arranged in a grid that will cover the surface of scanned object. The density of the points decreases with the distance of the scanner from the object. For illustration, see the density of the points on the table-tennis ball scanned with model L (from the distance 1,5 m) and model S (from the distance 0.5 m).
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每台PhoXi 3D扫描仪的分辨率为320万点。想象一下,将300万个点排列在将覆盖扫描对象表面的网格中。点的密度随着扫描仪距物体的距离而减小。为了说明,请参阅使用L型(距离1.5米)和S型(距离0.5米)扫描的乒乓球上的点的密度。
  
[[File:Table-tennis-ball-scan-S-vs-L-w800.png]]
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[[文件:乒乓球球 - 扫描 - S-VS-L-w800.png]]
  
The level of detail and accuracy of the scanner is described in datasheet as '''point size''', '''absolute accuracy''' and '''Z noise''' ([[PhoXi 3D scanners family#Specification Parameters Explanation|See the explanation of these parameters]]).
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扫描仪的细节和准确度在数据表中被描述为'''''''''''''绝对准确度'''''''Z噪声'''([PhoXi 3D扫描仪系列#规格参数说明|请参阅这些参数的说明]])。
  
==== Scanning area ====
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====扫描区域====
  
'''TIP''': Use the configurator at the bottom of [http://www.photoneo.com/product-showcase/phoxi_3d_scanners/ 3D scanner site] to determine the right scanner size.
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'''提示''':使用[http://www.photoneo.com/product-showcase/phoxi_3d_scanners/ 3D扫描仪网站]底部的配置程序来确定正确的扫描仪尺寸。
  
For bin picking applications, the ratio of the size of the object to the box size should not exceed 1:15. For example in the europallete sized box (1200 by 800 mm) it is reasonable to scan objects with minimal size 100 mm.
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对于垃圾箱采摘应用,物体尺寸与箱子尺寸的比例不应超过1:15。例如在europallete大小的盒子(1200×800毫米)中,扫描最小尺寸为100毫米的物体是合理的。
  
  
=== Distance ===
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===距离===
Closer objects have a better spatial resolution and generally less noise.
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更接近的物体具有更好的空间分辨率和通常更少的噪音。
  
To achieve the best scan quality, put the object in the focus distance from the camera. The focus distance for each scanner is written in the corresponding datasheet, for example for the [http://www.photoneo.com/product-detail/phoxi-scan-m/ Model M] it is 683 mm.
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为了获得最佳的扫描质量,请将物体放在距相机的焦距处。每个扫描器的焦点距离写在相应的数据表中,例如对于683毫米的[http://www.photoneo.com/product-detail/phoxi-scan-m/型号M]
  
To evaluate the distance of the scanned object, trigger the scan in PhoXi Control Application and then switch the view to Depth Map. The distance of the point from the camera is shown in the right panel when moving the mouse cursor over the point (pixel).
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要评估扫描对象的距离,请在PhoXi Control Application中触发扫描,然后将视图切换至深度图。将鼠标光标移动到点(像素)上时,相机距离相机的距离显示在右侧面板中。
  
=== Light conditions ===
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===光照条件===
  
Indoor [[ambient light]] generally does not influence the scan. However, very strong light such as direct sun might be a problem. This occurs especially when scanning outdoors. Try to remove all sun illumination e.g. by shadowing the window, or by moving into a different place.
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室内[[环境光]]通常不会影响扫描。然而,太阳直射等强光可能会成为问题。特别是在户外扫描时发生这种情况尝试去除所有阳光照射,例如通过遮蔽窗户或移动到另一个地方。
  
=== Material properties ===
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===材料属性===
  
==== 反射率 (反照率) ====
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====反射率(反照率)====
A material with higher [[Albedo|albedo]] provides a better signal-to-noise ratio, resulting in higher scan quality. Very dark materials requires longer exposure and might have higher level of noise.
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具有较高[[反射率|反射率]]的材料可提供更好的信噪比,从而提高扫描质量。非常黑暗的材料需要更长时间的曝光,并且可能会有更高的噪音。
  
==== 反射 ====
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====思考====
Generally, non-glossy, matte materials are scanned without problem. Even soft-gloss objects have a nearly optimal scan. However, any specular reflections might influence the scan quality since the projected light is reflected out of the sight of the camera (in which case that part has a poor quality), or when reflected into other parts of the scene, reflected light interferes with scanning (in which case the part illuminated by reflection has artifacts). Especially metal with high-gloss finish (mirror-like) is problematic.
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通常,无光泽,无光泽的材料被扫描没有问题。即使是光泽柔和的物体也有近乎最佳的扫描。然而,由于投影光线在相机视线之外反射(在这种情况下,该部分质量较差),或者当反射到场景的其他部分时,反射光会干扰扫描,因此任何镜面反射都可能影响扫描质量(在这种情况下,由反射照亮的部分具有伪影)。特别是高光泽的金属(镜子状)是有问题的。
  
''As a rule of thumb: Take a flat piece of the material and try to look at it as it be a mirror. If you are able to recognize a shape of your head as reflected by the material, the material is glossy. Depending on the scene, some parts might be not scanned optimally.''
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“作为一个经验法则:拿一块平整的材料,试着看它,因为它是一面镜子。如果您能够识别材料所反映的头部形状,则材质很光滑。根据现场情况,某些部件可能无法最佳扫描。“
  
When scanning glossy objects, find a position where light coming from the projection unit does not illuminate other objects on the scene.
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在扫描有光泽的物体时,找到投影单元发出的光线不能照亮场景上的其他物体的位置。
To further increase change of optimal scan while scanning glossy materials, use the “Scan glossy / Scan on sunlight” setting. Using this setting will increase the scanning time.
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要在扫描光面材料时进一步增加最佳扫描的更改,请使用“扫描光面/在阳光下扫描”设置。使用此设置将增加扫描时间。
  
==== 透明物体 ====
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====透明对象====
It is not possible to scan transparent materials such as glass, ice or water . Remove such materials from the scene to avoid artifacts.  A thin layer of plastic wrap would still allow the wrapped object to be scanned with the risk of greater noise. It might also increase the glossiness of the object (see previous paragraph). Scanning through a window is possible as long as the window does not cause reflection — the angle between projector unit and window should be close to a right angle.
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无法扫描透明材料,如玻璃,冰块或水。从场景中移除这些材料以避免伪影。一层薄薄的保鲜膜仍然可以让被包裹的物体被扫描,并带来更大的噪音。它也可能会增加对象的光泽度(请参阅上一段)。只要窗户不会导致反射,窗户就可以扫描 - 投影仪单元和窗户之间的角度应该接近直角。
  
==== 半透明物体 ====
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====半透明物体====
It is possible to scan translucent objects to some extent. Scattering of the light inside the material might cause the object surface to be scanned with a lower precision. For materials of  a high degree of translucency the same applies as for the transparent objects.
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可以在一定程度上扫描半透明物体。材料内部光线的散射可能会导致物体表面以较低的精度扫描。对于高度半透明的材料,同样适用于透明物体。

2018年4月19日 (四) 12:29的版本

简介

Photoneo 3D扫描仪的工作原理是[1],这是一种形状获取的光学方法。有关更广泛的上下文,请参阅以下图像 Shape-acquisition-categorisation.png

从一个角度来看,扫描仪的输出是物体表面的3D点云。在投影阶段,场景必须是静态的(不移动)。

点云的标准输出格式为 Stanford PLY,可以轻松导入大多数3D查看器或由程序员使用。

PhoXi控制应用程序

Photoneo 3D扫描仪通过Windows和Ubuntu独立应用程序进行控制。它使用户能够通过GUI手动控制3D扫描仪,或者通过提供的API以编程方式控

访问网站下载和快速入门指南 PhoXi控制应用程序 网站。

扫描基础

扫描的质量取决于多种因素。扫描仪提供各种设置以启用最佳扫描;但是,即使重新排列场景和扫描仪的位置,您也可以获得更好的结果。请始终安排场景,以便首先拥有扫描的最佳条件,然后才能操作扫描仪的设置。

选择正确的扫描仪尺寸

回答问题

  • 所需的详细程度是什么?
  • 扫描区域有多大?

详细程度

每台PhoXi 3D扫描仪的分辨率为320万点。想象一下,将300万个点排列在将覆盖扫描对象表面的网格中。点的密度随着扫描仪距物体的距离而减小。为了说明,请参阅使用L型(距离1.5米)和S型(距离0.5米)扫描的乒乓球上的点的密度。

文件:乒乓球球 - 扫描 - S-VS-L-w800.png

扫描仪的细节和准确度在数据表中被描述为''''''''绝对准确度'Z噪声([PhoXi 3D扫描仪系列#规格参数说明|请参阅这些参数的说明]])。

扫描区域

提示:使用3D扫描仪网站底部的配置程序来确定正确的扫描仪尺寸。

对于垃圾箱采摘应用,物体尺寸与箱子尺寸的比例不应超过1:15。例如在europallete大小的盒子(1200×800毫米)中,扫描最小尺寸为100毫米的物体是合理的。


距离

更接近的物体具有更好的空间分辨率和通常更少的噪音。

为了获得最佳的扫描质量,请将物体放在距相机的焦距处。每个扫描器的焦点距离写在相应的数据表中,例如对于683毫米的[2]

要评估扫描对象的距离,请在PhoXi Control Application中触发扫描,然后将视图切换至深度图。将鼠标光标移动到点(像素)上时,相机距离相机的距离显示在右侧面板中。

光照条件

室内环境光通常不会影响扫描。然而,太阳直射等强光可能会成为问题。特别是在户外扫描时发生这种情况尝试去除所有阳光照射,例如通过遮蔽窗户或移动到另一个地方。

材料属性

反射率(反照率)

具有较高反射率的材料可提供更好的信噪比,从而提高扫描质量。非常黑暗的材料需要更长时间的曝光,并且可能会有更高的噪音。

思考

通常,无光泽,无光泽的材料被扫描没有问题。即使是光泽柔和的物体也有近乎最佳的扫描。然而,由于投影光线在相机视线之外反射(在这种情况下,该部分质量较差),或者当反射到场景的其他部分时,反射光会干扰扫描,因此任何镜面反射都可能影响扫描质量(在这种情况下,由反射照亮的部分具有伪影)。特别是高光泽的金属(镜子状)是有问题的。

“作为一个经验法则:拿一块平整的材料,试着看它,因为它是一面镜子。如果您能够识别材料所反映的头部形状,则材质很光滑。根据现场情况,某些部件可能无法最佳扫描。“

在扫描有光泽的物体时,找到投影单元发出的光线不能照亮场景上的其他物体的位置。 要在扫描光面材料时进一步增加最佳扫描的更改,请使用“扫描光面/在阳光下扫描”设置。使用此设置将增加扫描时间。

透明对象

无法扫描透明材料,如玻璃,冰块或水。从场景中移除这些材料以避免伪影。一层薄薄的保鲜膜仍然可以让被包裹的物体被扫描,并带来更大的噪音。它也可能会增加对象的光泽度(请参阅上一段)。只要窗户不会导致反射,窗户就可以扫描 - 投影仪单元和窗户之间的角度应该接近直角。

半透明物体

可以在一定程度上扫描半透明物体。材料内部光线的散射可能会导致物体表面以较低的精度扫描。对于高度半透明的材料,同样适用于透明物体。